Best Practice Planning: Using Purchasing Training To Determine Important Factors To Ensure A Profitable Negotiation

Most negotiators greatly underestimate the amount of time required to plan for any business negotiation even though this is a critical part of business negotiation best practice.

Using your negotiation skills to understand the context is a great place to start preparing for negotiations.

The key elements to think about are:

- What is the nature of the sale/purchase in terms of risks involved, the level of expenditure and the complexity of the deal?

- Competitive analysis: What is the nature of the market and what options do the other side have available? We will deal with a sole supplier differently than those in a competitive market.

- Is it a one-off deal or should we consider maintaining a long-term positive association that develops opportunities for future business?

- Have we had any dealings with our counterparty in the past and what is their most likely approach to doing business?

- How capable are the negotiators on the other side?

- What cultures will be present and what are the local traditions?

- Who are all the parties & individuals concerned in the transaction and what is the decision making process? A diversified style is required as final decision makers will very often be interested in Return on Investment and augmented revenues & margins. The end user who looks for improved productivity and efficiency regard the financial elements almost totally irrelevant.

Almost any negotiation training course will highlight the importance of setting formal deal objectives.

If we fail to prepare and prioritise our deal objectives we put ourselves at risk of being manipulated and/or ending with a sub-optimal agreement. Whether you are engaged in negotiation on the sales or purchasing side, think about the following factors when preparing for negotiation:

- Price and payment, Key obligations, Delivery, Warranties, Intellectual property and Risks.

Price and Payments: The competition and the complexity of most business transactions demand finding ways to create extra value and to move negotiation from haggling to synergistic and creative joint problem solving. Professional buyers are not charged with buying the cheapest solution but rather with securing their businesses with the cheapest total cost of ownership, which is composed of things like:

- Acquisition costs, Service costs, The cost of use, Training costs, Supplier performance metrics, Delivery, Quality and Customer Support. (These concepts are covered in most purchasing training programmes).

If we are able to lessen our counterpart's costs in the entire life cycle of the product, solution or service and at the same time offer value for money, we are in a better position to find agreement.

Key Obligations: Ensure your product and services are defined and reflect your priorities. Include all the relevant quantities and specifications.

Delivery: How important are the delivery timelines and what happens if the delivery doesn't take place on time?

Warranties: In order to preserve trust and credibility ensure that you deliver any promises.

Intellectual property: Carefully negotiate IP ownership rights and consider the following elements:

- Who is paying for the Research and Development?

- Could the product development be used by competitors to your loss if you don' t own the IP? How can you stop competitors to use the same IP?

Risks: The best way to manage exposure is to include the elements in a contract. Cultural consideration is very important. In Asian countries the goal of negotiation is not a signed contract. In China, unforeseen events are resolved through the relationship.

Analysing the above elements are crucial in planning Concession Strategies that will help you to leverage maximum value from trades and in planning meetings optimally.

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